How About a Db2 Book for the Holidays?

If you are still on the look-out for a gift for the Db2 DBA or developer in your life, have you considered getting them a Db2 book? Technical books can be gifts that keep on giving throughout the year! And you'll be remembered as the kind gift-giver as the reader digests the information in the book, and then comes back to the book for reference as they work!

Technical books serve as vital resources for professionals and students, providing in-depth knowledge, practical guidance, and up-to-date information on Db2 subject areas. They can be used for knowledge expansion, skill development, problem solving, exam preparation, and staying up-to-date in your career.

Here are a few books you might want to consider for the Db2 person in your life.

• "DB2 Developer's Guide" offers numerous benefits for database professionals working with Db2 for z/OS. The book provides a comprehensive and practical approach to Db2 development and administration, covering essential topics from basic SQL and database design to advanced performance tuning and application development techniques. Its clear explanations, real-world examples, and best practices make it an invaluable resource for both novice and experienced Db2 developers. By mastering the concepts presented in this guide, developers can design efficient, robust, and high-performing Db2 applications, ultimately improving data management and business processes. The book's focus on practical application and problem-solving makes it a highly effective tool for enhancing Db2 development skills and optimizing database performance.
  
  
• Another useful book, particularly for application programmers and developers, is "A Guide to Db2 Performance for Application Developers" which offers invaluable insights for developers seeking to optimize Db2 database performance. This book focuses on how coding practices impact Db2's efficiency. It offers practical guidance on writing efficient SQL and designing effective data access strategies. By understanding these principles, developers can avoid common performance pitfalls, reduce resource consumption, and improve application responsiveness. The purpose of this book is to give advice and direction to Db2 application developers and programmers on writing efficient, well-performing programs. The material is written for all Db2 professionals, whether you are coding on z/OS (the mainframe) or on Linux, Unix or Windows (distributed systems). When there are pertinent differences between the platforms it is explained in the text. This guide empowers developers to proactively contribute to database performance optimization, leading to faster applications, reduced costs, and improved user experiences.
  
  
• If you are looking for a book for the mainframe professional in your life, consider "IBM Mainframe Specialty Processors: Understanding zIIPs, Licensing, and Cost Savings on the IBM System z." This book will clarify the purpose of specialty processors and how you can best utilize them for cost optimization. The book provides a high-level overview of pertinent mainframe internals such as control blocks, SRBs, and TCBs, and why they are important for understanding how zIIPs work. Additionally, because reducing mainframe software cost is essential to the purpose of specialty processors, the book proivdes a high-level introduction to understanding mainframe licensing and pricing. The book describes the types of workloads that can take advantage of specialty processors, including advice on how to promote zIIP usage in your applications and systems. Read a review of the book here.
  
  
• And finally, consider gifting "The Tao of Db2" to the Db2 DBA in your life. This short, low-cost but insightful book offers guidance on how to manage Db2 properly to achieve harmonious systems and applications that deliver quality and performance. It follow the exploits of a seasoned DBA and his intern as they learn "the way" of Db2 database management and administration. Learn along with them and improve your Db2 administration chops!

I want to wrap up this post by wishing all of my readers a very happy holiday season... and I hope you will consider grabbing at least one of these Db2-related books for the techie in your life... or even as a gift for yourself.

Coding Db2 Applications for Performance - Expert Videos Series

Today's blog post is to share with my readers that I have partnered with Interskill Learning and produced a series of videos in the Expert Video Series on how to code Db2 applications for performance.

My regular readers know that application performance is a passion of mine. You may also have read my recent book on the topic, A Guide to Db2 Performance for Application Developers. But if you are looking for videos to guide you through the process optimizing your application development for Db2, look no further than the six-part series I recorded for Interskill Learning, Coding Db2 Applications for Performance.

You do not need in-depth pre-existing knowledge of Db2 to gain insight from these video lessons. The outline of the six courses are as follows:

 Db2 Coding – Defining Database Performance

• Providing a Definition
• The Four Components
• Diving a Little Deeper

Db2 Coding – Coding Relationally

• What is Relational?
• Relational vs. Traditional Thinking
• What Does It Mean to Code Relationally?
• Unlearning Past Coding Practices

Db2 Coding – General SQL and Indexing Guidelines

• Types of SQL
• SQL Coding Best Practices
• Indexes and Performance
• Stages and Clustering

Db2 Coding – Coding for Concurrent Access

• Introduction to Concurrency
• Locking
• Locking Duration and Binding
• Locking Issues and Strategies
• Query Parallelism

Db2 Coding – Understanding and Reviewing Db2 Access Paths

• Single Table Access Paths
• Multi-table Access Paths
• Filter Factors
• Access Paths and EXPLAIN

Db2 Coding – SQL Coding Tips and Techniques

• Avoid Writing Code
• Reusable Db2 Code
• Dynamic and Static SQL
• SQL Guidelines
• Set Operations

So if you are looking for an introduction to Db2 performance or want to brush up on the fundamentals of coding for performance, look no further. Check out this series of videos on Coding Db2 Applications for Performance from Interskill Learning (featuring yours truly)!

Note that Interskill Learning also offers other categories of training in their Expert Video series including systems programming, quantum computing, and pervasive encryption. 

Who's Going to Charlotte for IDUG 2024?

Spring is in the air and as a Db2 professional you know that can mean only one thing: the North American IDUG Db2 Tech Conference will soon be upon us! 

This year IDUG is back in Charlotte (like it was back in 2019). Ahhh, the pre-CovID days! Nevertheless, I am looking forward to an exciting week of learning more about my favorite DBMS and mingling with others Db2 users and fans!

This year, the event runs from Sunday June 23rd thru Thursday June 27th and it will be held at Le Meridien Hotel. But what can you expect if you attend? Well, there will be a tremendous number of educational opportunities at the IDUG Db2 Tech Conference. IBMers, vendor experts, users, IBM Champions, and IBM Gold consultants from all over the world converge in one location and share their experiences. So you know there will be numerous informative technical sessions on all the latest and greatest Db2 technologies, features, and related products. And you can view the grid with all of this year's presentations here.

Additionally, you can earn Db2 for z/OS and Db2 for LUW certification and badges at no additional cost. Every attendee can take one exam at no addtional cost! Not to mention the Expo Hall with all your favorite Db2 product vendors, pre- and post- conference workshops, Special Interest Groups, expert panels, evening receptions, and fun evening events sponsored by Broadcom and IBM.

If you’ve ever attended an IDUG conference in the past then you know why I’m excited. If you haven't attended before, I'm sure you'll find a lot to occupy your interest!

And be sure to seek me out and say "Howdy!" I'll be giving two presentations this year.

First up, on Monday June 24th I'll be delivering a presentation based on some of the things that I've encountered as an independent consultant. Titled Oh, The Things I've Seen: Db2 Stories and Best Practices, I'll talk about things like RUNSTATS, RID failures, and more in a Dr. Seuss-like way. You won't want to miss that, will you? 

Later I will be co-presenting a vendor-sponsored presentation with InfoTel on the topic of Data Governance for DBAs. In it, we will address the difference between governance and administration, as well as some of the biggest issues facing data governance these days. And, of course, how these things impact DBAs. InfoTel will also show how their technology can aid the process!

I will also be spending some time in the InfoTel booth so you can always stop by there to say hello or ask me a question!

So I hope to see you in Charlotte for a great week of education and camaraderie at this year's premier event for Db2 professionals, the IDUG Db2 Tech Conference. 

New Series of Short, Low-Price Books

Today's blog post is to introduce my regular readers to a series of new books that I am writing and selling exclusively on Amazon. The books will be shorter than the ones I've written in the past, each one will be under 100 pages. The primary audience is for Kindle eBook readers, but there will also be paperback, print editions, too!

The general idea is to discuss a specific topic or idea within the realm of data, database systems, or mainframe computing. And to offer the books at a low price point. The eBook format will generally cost a couple of bucks or so (with the option for Kindle Unlimited readers to read free)! And the print editions will generally cost around $10 or so. Very low cost with some high quality information!

As of today, the first three books are now available to be ordered on amazon. They are as follows:

The Tao of Db2: Achieving Balance and Understanding with Db2

This book follows the exploits of a seasoned Db2 DBA training his intern in the ways of Db2 before he can enjoy a well-earned retirement. Learn best practices for managing Db2 properly to achieve harmonious systems and applications that deliver quality and performance using the Tao of Db2. 

Based on a presentation I gave at IDUG several years ago now, this book uses Tao as a training mechanism for achieving the proper mindset and qualities to manage and administer Db2 databases and applications. 

Database Design Reviews: Techniques to Prepare Databases and Applications for Operational Implementation

This book provides a framework for a series of design reviews that should be conducted to ensure the delivery of quality database and application code. It defines what a database design review is, and offers guidance on structuring the design review meetings, assigning appropriate participants to attend, and describing the timing and purpose of each meeting and attendee.

You can use this book as a template for establishing a consistent approach to database design reviews in your organization.

Regulatory Compliance for Data & Database Systems: Protect Your Sensitive Data

Being in compliance with governmental and industry regulations is important for organizations of all types and sizes. Indeed, there are numerous regulations impacting your data and database systems, ranging from industry regulations like PCI DSS to more encompassing governmental regulations like GDPR. There are around 100,000 regulations "out there" so it is certain that many of them apply to you and your business. But what do you need to do to protect your senstive data to comply with all these regulations?

This book delivers an introduction to the regulatory landscape and its impact on data and database systems and management. We will take a high-level look at some of the most impactful regulations that affect how we manage database systems. The primary focus of this book is to examine several techniques that can be used to ensure compliance. We will look at things like database auditing, data masking, and data archiving. And it will show the tactics and software required to implement compliance within your database systems.

Armed with the information in this book you can confidently implement effective compliance for your corporate databases and systems.

What is Db2?

For regular readers of this blog the title of this particular post might seem to be a bit odd. After all, why visit the Db2Portal blog if you don't know what Db2 is, right?

Well, the purpose of this short post is to refer my regular readers to an article I wrote for TechTarget, a website that regularly posts "What Is" type of articles.

So, you guessed it, I wrote the latest, updated "What is Db2?" article for TechTarget... and I figured I'd share it with my blog readers. 

Now whenever somebody asks a high-level question about Db2, like "what is it?" or "what are the advantages and disadvantages of Db2" or even "where can I run Db2?" you now have a place to send them...

Here ---> What is Db2?

IBM Db2 on Cloud News

If you are thinking about, or have already adopted Db2 in the cloud, there is some recent news you should know about. But before we explore that news, let’s take a look at the quick highlights of using Db2 in the cloud.

IBM’s Db2 on Cloud offering is a fully-managed operational data store running the IBM Db2 11.5 engine offering 24x7x365 availability. So if you know Db2 on Linux, Unix, and Windows platforms, you know Db2 on Cloud… but there’s more.

Db2 on Cloud runs containerized Db2 on with a dedicated DevOps team managing the maintenance and updates required to run your mission-critical workloads. This includes features like seamless data federation, point-in-time recovery, HADR with multizone region support and independent scaling. So many of the administrative burdens of managing Db2 on-premises are handled by IBM in the cloud.

Now if you know me, and have been reading my “stuff” on cloud and DBA, you know that this does not mean that you can entirely offload you DBA. But it is cool and it does help, especially with DBA teams being stressed to their limits these days.

So yes, you can run Db2 on Cloud! And there are many good reasons to consider doing so, such as scalability, pay-as-you-use pricing, and to take advantage of managed services.

OK, So What is New?

I promised some news in the title of this blog post and so far we have just set the stage by examining IBM’s cloud offering of Db2 (albeit at a high level). So, what’s new?

Well, IBM is revamping its pricing plans. Before digging into the news, you need to know that IBM offers two high-level pricing plan options.

• The Lite plan uses a shared multi-tenant system designed for application development and evaluation of IBM Db2 on Cloud. It is offered free-of-charge, without any time limitations.
• Enterprise plans are for usage and deployment of business applications and systems. It includes one database per service instance with 4 vCPU x 16 GB RAM x 20 GB storage on dedicated compute slices with the option to use a three-HA-node configuration with multizone region support. Pricing starts at $989/month.

What is new is that on August 19 IBM introduced two new plans, the Enterprise non-HA plan, and the Standard non-HA plan.  This means that there are now four options, other than the free Lite plan: Enterprise HA, Enterprise non-HA, Standard HA, and Standard non-HA.

As is typical with IBM pricing, it is not really all that simple and it is getting more complex.  But options are always good (I think).

So what is this Standard plan that does not appear on the IBM Db2 on Cloud: Pricing page? Well, we can find this on the IBM Db2 on Cloud catalog page Here we see that (as one might expect) it is a lower-cost option between Lite and Enterprise starting at 8 GB RAM with 20 GB storage.

IBM also noted that IBM Db2 on Cloud is now available in the following six data centers: Dallas, Frankfurt, Tokyo, London, Sydney, and Washington. And your instances can be provisioned either with or without the Oracle compatibility feature.

It is important to note that IBM also notes that customers on older, legacy plans (how about that, cloud legacy already) will be required to upgrade their to one of the newer plans.

 Summary

So, there are more options to choose from with your Db2 on Cloud implementations. And if you have an older plan take some time to familiarize yourself with the new pricing plan options and be ready to choose accordingly for your workload requirements.

IBM Think 2020: Virtual, On Demand, Hybrid Cloud and Z

This year’s IBM Think event was quite different than in past years. Usually, Think is an in-person event and attracts a lot of people, typically more than ten thousand IT executives and practitioners. But as we all know, this year with the global COVID-19 pandemic an in-person event was not practical, so IBM held it on-line. And I have to say, they did a fantastic job of managing multiple threads of content without experiencing bandwidth or access issues – at least none that I encountered.

The theme and focus of the content for the event was different, too. Instead of the usual conference focus on products, announcements, and customer stories, this year’s event was more philanthropic. Oh, sure, you could still hear about IBM’s products and customer successes, but the keynote and featured sessions were at a higher level this year.

In the kickoff session, new IBM CEO Arvind Krishna spoke about the driving forces in IT as being hybrid cloud and AI. And he spoke about these things in the context of moving IBM forward, but also how they can be used to help healthcare workers combat pandemics like we are currently experiencing.

In another keynote, IBM Executive Chairman Ginni Rometty spoke with Will.i.am (of the Black-Eyed Peas) about making the digital era inclusive through education, skills development, and the digital workforce.

And then there was Mayim Bialik’s session on women and STEM, which was sincere, heartfelt, and entertaining. 

For those who don’t know who she is, she is the actress who played Blossom (on Blossom) and Amy Farrah Fowler (on The Big Bang Theory)… but she is also a scientist with a doctorate in neuroscience. Bialik’s session focused on putting a positive female face on STEM, something that is definitely needed!

So, what about the technology side of things? Well, you can take a clue from Krishna’s assertion that IBM as a company has to have a “maniacal” focus on hybrid cloud and AI in order to compete. But the company has a rich and deep heritage across the computing spectrum that gives it a key advantage even as it adjusts to embracing hybrid cloud and AI.

The first thing to remember is that IBM uses the term “hybrid multicloud[RB1] ” very specifically and deliberately. Everything is not going to be in the cloud[RB2] . Large enterprises continue to rely on the infrastructure and applications they have built over many years, many of them on z Systems mainframes. The key to the future is both on-premises and cloud, and IBM understands this with its hybrid cloud approach… as they clearly demonstrated at Think 2020.

My specific area of focus and expertise is the mainframe and Db2 for z/OS, so I sought out some sessions at Think in those areas. Let me tell you a bit about two of them.

First let’s take a quick look at how IBM Cloud Pak for Data can work with data on the Z platform. This information was drawn from IBM Distinguished Engineer Gary Crupi’s session, titled "Drive Actionable, Real-Time Insight from Your High-Value IBM Z Data Using IBM Cloud Pak for Data."

What is Cloud Pak for Data? Well, it is an IBM platform for unifying and simplifying the collection, organization, and analysis of data. Heretofore, it was mostly focused on non-mainframe platforms, but the latest release, version 3.0, is a major upgrade with an enhanced unified experience, expanded ecosystem, and optimized Red Hat integration. And it enables several ways for you to turn your enterprise data on IBM Z into actionable, real-time insight through the integrated cloud-native architecture of IBM Cloud Pak for Data.

Crupi’s session started out with the now familiar (at least to IBM customers and Think attendees) Ladder to AI and how Cloud Pak for Data helps to enable customer’s journey up the ladder. Data is the foundation for smart business decisions and AI can unlock the value of this data.

He went on to discuss the continuing importance of the mainframe providing facts including:

•  70% of Fortune 500 companies use mainframe for their most critical business functions
•  72% of customer-facing applications are completely or very dependent on mainframe processing
•  The mainframe handles 1.1 million transactions per second (as compared to Google experiences of 60,000 searches per second)
•  95% of transactions in the banking, insurance, airline and retail industries run on the mainframe

These are all good points; and things that mainframe users like to hear. It is good to see IBM promoting the ubiquity and capabilities of the mainframe.

Now, what about IBM Cloud Pak for Data better-exploiting mainframe data? Crupi goes back to the AI Ladder to talk about z/OS capabilities for analyzing and collecting data for AI.

Solutions such as Watson Machine Learing for z/OS, Db2 AI for z/OS, and QMF can be used for analyzing data; while Db2 for z/OS and Tools, IDAA, and Data Virtualization Manager can be used for data collection. These things already exist, but using them effectively with distributed platform capabilities will be crucial to be able to climb the ladder to AI.

IBM Cloud Pak for Data will leverage IBM Z technology to bring valuable IBM Z data into a modern analytics/AI platform. It can now exploit IBM Z data and resources where appropriate enabling you to further benefit from IBM Z technology and data.

A key new component of making the data on IBM Z accessible is IBM Db2 for z/OS Data Gate, a new product announced during Think 2020. Db2 Data Gate can help you reduce the cost and complexity of your data delivery with a simple, easy-to-deploy mechanism to deliver read-only access to Db2 for z/OS data. Instead of building and maintaining costly custom code, Db2 Data Gate do the work. Data can be synchronized between Db2 for z/OS data sources and target databases on IBM Cloud Pak for Data.

Instead of accessing data in the IBM Z data source directly, an application accesses a synchronized copy of the Db2 for z/OS data, hosted by a separate system. This target system can be established anywhere Cloud Pak for Data is supported, thus enabling a wide range of target platforms that include public cloud, on-premises, and private cloud deployments.

So IBM is helping you to expand the accessibility of your Z data.

And that brings me to the second session I’d like to briefly mention, Automate Your Mainframe z/OS Processes with Ansible [Session 6760]. 

Although Ansible is not a replacement for your operational mainframe automation tools, it can be used to communicate with and automate z/OS using the out-of-the-box SSH into z/OS Unix Systems Services to execute commands and scripts, submit JCL, and copy data. And Ansible has existing modules that can be used to make calls to RESTful/SOAP APIs that are available in many z/OS products.

Ansible can be beneficial to orchestrate cross-platform, including Z systems, and to simplify configuration and deployment management. But keep in mind that Ansible is a proactive framework for automation and is not intended to replace automation solutions that monitor and react.

Here is a nice, but by no means exhaustive, list of examples showing how Ansible can be used to interact with popular z/OS products.

The Bottom Line

The IBM Think 2020 conference was a great success considering how rapidly IBM had to move to convert it from an in-person event, to an online, virtual one. And the content was informative, entertaining, and had something for everybody. I hope you enjoyed my take on the event… feel free to share your comments below on anything I’ve written here, or on your experiences at the event.

Db2 for z/OS and Managing Database Changes - The Recap

During the month of April 2020 I wrote a series of blog posts on the different types of Db2 for z/OS database change management and the things to remember and consider...  Today, the first day of May, I just wanted to publish a quick recap and links to all of these posts. So without further ado...

The first post in this series introduced the types of changes and briefly explained the differences at a very high level. It serves as the introduction to the next three parts.

Part 2 examined simple changes, the easiest of the three types of change to implement. These usually just require issuing a simple ALTER to effect database changes.

In the next installment, Part 3 details medium changes, known in the Db2 world as pending changes. Introduced in Db2 10 for z/OS, these require a little bit more work and can only be performed on database objects in Universal table spaces.

And then in the final post, Part 4 takes a look at complex changes. These are the types of changes to database structures that are only supported by dropping and then re-creating the database structure with your required changes. 

If this quick recap whetted your appetite for more details, please take a moment or two to click through each of the links and read the more detailed posts.

And good luck managing your Db2 for z/OS changes!

Db2 Quarantine Book Sale

Just a quick note to offer up a discount on my latest book, A Guide to Db2 Performance for Application Developers, during the quarantine. The book was written for application programmers, providing guidance and assistance for writing efficient application code for Db2. The book covers both Db2 for z/OS and Db2 for LUW, and is available in both printed and eBook formats:

So how do you get a discount? 

Well, the first thing is that you must order through the publisher page here: https://store.bookbaby.com//bookshop/book/index.aspx?bookURL=A-Guide-to-Db2-Performance-for-Application-Developers&b=p_bu-ba-or.

Then you will need to decide if you want the ebook or the print book, and when checking out, enter the correct coupon code. 

• For the print book, use code db2N for 10% off
• For the ebook, use code db2W for 5% off

Then enter your payment details and enjoy!

This book will make you a better programmer by teaching you how to write efficient code to access Db2 databases. Whether you write applications on the mainframe or distributed systems, this book will teach you practices, methods, and techniques for optimizing your SQL and applications as you build them. Write efficient applications and become your DBA's favorite developer by learning the techniques outlined in this book!

What you will get from reading this book is a well-grounded basis for designing and developing efficient Db2 applications that perform well.

If you'd rather order the book somewhere else (without the discounts) it is also available at:

• Amazon
• Barnes and Noble

But I hope you'll order a copy today for yourself, your favorite programmer, or better yet, your least-favorite programmer (because the book will help improve their abilities)!

Buy at Bookbaby

A Condensed 35-Year History of DB2 for z/OS (...and Db2 for z/OS)

Let's go back in time... over three decades ago... back to the wild and woolly 1980s! And watch our favorite DBMS, DB2, grow up over time.

DB2 Version 1 Release 1 was announced on June 7, 1983, and it became generally available on Tuesday, April 2, 1985. I wonder if it was ready on April 1st but not released because of April Fool’s Day? Initial DB2 development focused on the basics of making a relational DBMS work. Early releases of DB2 were viewed by many as an “information center” DBMS, not for production workloads, like IMS was.

Version 1 Release 2 was announced on February 4, 1986 and was released for general availability a month later on March 7, 1986. Can you imagine waiting only a month for a new release of DB2 these days? But that is how it happened back then. Same thing for Version 1 Release 3, which was announced on May 19, 1987 and became GA on June 26, 1987. DB2 V1R3 saw the introduction of DATE data types.

You might notice that IBM delivered “releases” of DB2 back in the 1980s, whereas today (and ever since V3) there have only been versions. Versions are major changes, whereas releases are not quite as significant as a version.

Version 2 Release 1 was announced in April 1988 and delivered in September 1988. Here we start to see the gap widening again between announcement and delivery. V2R1 was a significant release in the history of DB2, a bellwether of sorts for when DB2 began to be viewed as capable of supporting mission-critical, transaction processing workloads. Not only did V2R1 provide significant performance enhancements but it also signaled the introduction of declarative Referential Integrity (RI) constraints.

No sooner than V2R1 became GA than IBM announced Version 2 Release 2 on October 4, 1988. But it was not until a year later that it became generally available on September 23, 1988. DB2 V2R2 again bolstered performance in many ways. It also saw the introduction of distributed database support (private protocol) across MVS systems.

Version 2 Release 3 was announced on September 5, 1990, and became generally available on October 25, 1991. Two very significant features were added in V2R3: segmented table spaces and packages. Segmented table spaces quickly became a de facto standard and packages made DB2 application programs easier to support. DB2 V2R3 is also the version that beefed up distributed support with Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA).

Along comes DB2 Version 3, announced in November 1993 and GA in December 1993. Now it may look like things sped up again here, but not really. This is when the early support program for DB2 started. Early support was announced in March 1993 and delivered to customers in June 1993. V3 greatly expanded the number of buffer pool options available (from 5 pools to 80), and many advances were made for DB2 to take better advantage of the System 390 environment, including support for hardware-assisted compression and hiperpools. It was also V3 that introduced I/O parallelism for the first time.

Version 4 signaled another significant milestone in the history of DB2. It was highlighted by the introduction of Type 2 indexes, which removed the need to lock index pages (or subpages, now obsolete). Prior to V4, index locking was a particularly thorny performance problem that vexed many shops. Data Sharing made its debut in V4, too, and with it, DB2 achieved new heights of scalability and availability allowing users to upgrade without an outage and to add new subsystems to a group “on the fly.” DB2 V4 also introduced stored procedures, as well as CP parallelism.

In June 1997 DB2 Version 5 became generally available. It was the first DB2 version to be referred to as DB2 for OS/390 (previously it was DB2 for MVS). Not as significant as V4, we see the trend of even-numbered releases being bigger and more significant than odd-numbered releases (of course, that is just my opinion). V5 was touted by IBM as the e-business and BI version. It included Sysplex parallelism, prepared statement caching, reoptimization, online REORG, and conformance to the SQL-92 standard.

Version 6 brings us to 1999 and the introduction of the Universal Database term to the DB2 moniker. The “official” name of the product became DB2 Universal Database for OS/390. And the Release Guide swelled to over 600 pages! Six categories of improvements were introduced with V6 spanning object-relational extensions, network computing, performance and availability, capacity improvements, data sharing enhancements, and user productivity. The biggest of the new features were SQLJ, inline statistics, triggers, large objects (LOBs), user-defined functions, and distinct types.

Version 6 is also somewhat unique in that there was this “thing” typically referred to as the V6 refresh. It added functionality to DB2 without there being a new release or version. The new functionality in the refresh included SAVEPOINTs, identity columns, declared temporary tables, and performance enhancements (including star join).

March 2001 brings us to DB2 Version 7, another “smaller” version of DB2. Developed and released around the time of the Year 2000 hubbub, it offered much-improved utilities and some nice new SQL functionality including scrollable cursors, limited FETCH, and row expressions. Unicode support was also introduced in Db2 V7.

DB2 Version 8 followed, but not immediately. IBM took advantage of Y2K and the general desire of shops to avoid change during this period to take its time and deliver the most significant and feature-laden version of DB2 ever. V8 had more new lines of code than DB2 V1R1 had total lines of code!

With DB2 9 for z/OS, we drop the “V” from the name. Is that in response to Oracle’s naming conventions? Well, we do add a space between the DB2 and the version number because we don’t want to talk about DB-twenty-nine! A lot of great new functionality comes with DB2 9 including additional database definition on demand capabilities, binary data types, and a lot of new SQL capabilities including OLAP functions and EXCEPT/INTERSECT. But probably the biggest new feature is pureXML, which allows you to store DB2 data as native XML. The XML is stored natively as a new data type that can be searched and analyzed without the need to reformat it. The approach was novel in that it  supports native XML, basically enabling dual storage engines.

And that brings us to DB2 10 for z/OS. This version of DB2 was built to take advantage of many zEnterprise (the latest new mainframe at the time) features to deliver scalability. Examples include improved compression, cache optimization, blades for running the Smart Analytics Optimizer, etc. 

Additional capabilities included many performance improvements (BIND, IN-list, utilities, etc.), hash organized table spaces, high-performance DBATs (DDF threads) forced to use RELEASE COMMIT, parallel index updating, efficient caching of dynamic SQL with literals, temporal data support, safe query optimization, improved access path hints, access to currently committed data, new TIMESTAMP precision and time zones, and buffer pool options for pinning objects in memory.

In October 2013 we got another new version, DB2 11 for z/OS. Click on that link if you want all the details, but some highlights included transparent archiving, global variables, improved SQL PL, APREUSE(WARN), significant utility improvements, DROP COLUMN support, and JSON support with IBM BigInsights.

And that brings us to the present day, with DB2 12 for z/OS as the current (and soon to be only) supported version of Db2. Released for general availability in October 2016, DB2 12 for z/OS abandons the traditional new release cycle that IBM has followed for decades, adopting a new continuous delivery model. New functionality is now delivered in Function Levels (FLs) that are easily applied and delivered much more rapidly than in the past. Indeed, the current Db2 function level is FL506, which means there have been 6 new function levels added since 2016.

Version 12 brought with it a plethora of new capabilities including virtual storage enhancements, optimization improvements, and improved control over the introduction of new SQL capabilities. DB2 12 for z/OS delivered many improvements for both application development and database administration. Examples of new application capabilities include:

• Additional support for triggers, arrays, global variables, pureXML, and JSON
• MERGE statement enhancements
• SQL pagination support
• Support for Unicode columns in an EBCDIC table
• Piece-wise deletion of data
• Support for temporal referential constraint
• More flexibility in defining application periods for temporal tables
• PERCENTILE function support
• Resource limits for static SQL statements
• Db2 REST services improve efficiency and security
• DevOps with Db2: Automated deployment of applications with IBM UrbanCode Deploy

Examples of new DBA and SYSADM capabilities include:

• Installation or migration without requiring SYSADM
• Improved availability when altering index compression
• Online schema enhancements
• Improved catalog availability
• Object ownership transfer
• Improved data validation after running DSN1COPY
• Automatic start of profiles at Db2 start
• Increased partition sizes and simplified partition management for partition-by-range table spaces with relative page numbering
• Ability to add partitions between existing logical partitions
• UNLOAD privilege for the UNLOAD utility
• Temporal versioning for Db2 catalog tables
• Statistics collection enhancements for SQL performance    

Of course, these are just some of the V12 improvements; there are many more (as well as all of the Function Level improvements)!

Then sometime in the middle of 2017, IBM decided to change the name of DB2 by making the uppercase B a lowercase b. So now the name of our beloved DBMS is Db2. Nobody has been able to explain to me what the benefit of this was, so don’t ask me!

The Bottom Line

I worked with DB2 way back in its Version 1 days, and I’ve enjoyed watching DB2 grow over its first 35 years. Of course, we did not cover every new feature and capability of each version and release, only the highlights. Perhaps this journey back through time will help you to remember when you jumped on board with Db2 and relational database technology. I am happy to have been associated with Db2 (and DB2) for its first 35 years and I look forward to many more years of working with Db2…