IBM Information on Demand 2013, Wednesday

Today's blog entry from Las Vegas covering this year's IOD conference will be my final installment on the 2013 event.

The highlight for Wednesday, for me anyway, was delivering my presentation to a crowded room of over a hundred folks who were interested in hearing about cost optimization and DB2 for z/OS. The presentation was kind of broken down into two sections. The first discussed subcapacity pricing and variable workload license charges (vWLC). IBM offers vWLC for many of its popular software offerings, including DB2 for z/OS. What that means is that you receive is a monthly bill from IBM based on usage. But the mechanics of exactly how that occurs are not widely known. So I covered how this works including a discussion of IMSU, Defined Capacity, the rolling four hour average (R4H) and the IBM SCRT (Sub Capacity Reporting Tool).

Basically, with VWLC your MSU usage is tracked and reported by LPAR. You are charged based on the maximum rolling four hour (R4H) average MSU usage. R4H averages are calculated each hour, for each LPAR, for the month. Then you are charged by product based on the LPARs it runs in. All of this information is collected and reported to IBM using the SCRT (Sub Capacity Reporting Tool). It uses the SMF 70-1 and SMF 89-1 / 89-2 records. So you pay for what you use, sort of. You actually pay based on LPAR usage. Consider, for example, if you have DB2 and CICS both in a single LPAR, but DB2 is only minimally used and CICS is used a lot. Since they are both in the LPAR you’d be charged for the same amount of usage for both. But it is still better than being charged based on the usage of your entire CEC, right?

I then moved along to talk about tuning ideas with cost optimization in mind including targeting monthly peaks, SQL tuning, using DC to extend a batch window, SQL tuning and some out of the box ideas.

I also spent some time today wandering through the Expo Center where IBM and many other vendors were talking about and demoing there latest and greatest technology. And I picked up some of the usual assortment of t-shirts, pins and other tchotchkes.

And I also attended a session called Fun With SQL that was, indeed, fun... but also pointed out how difficult it can be to code SQL on the fly in front of a room full of people!

Overall, this year's IOD was another successful conference. IOD is unmatched in my opinion in terms of the overall experience including education, entertainment, product news, meeting up with and talking to folks I haven't seen in awhile, and generating leads for consulting engagements. Of course, with 13,000+ attendees the conference can be overwhelming, but that means there is always something of interest going on throughout the day. And by the time Wednesday rolls around, most people are starting to get tired, me included.

Of course, I still have tonight and tomorrow morning before heading back home... so I may still post another little something later in the week once I've had a time to digest everything a little bit more.

In the interim, if you'd like other people's opinions and coverage of IOD, check out the blogs on the IOD hub at http://www.ibmbigdatahub.com/IOD/2013/blogs.

But for now, thanks IBM, for throwing another fantastic conference focusing on my life's work passion -- data!

IBM Information on Demand 2013, Tuesday

The second day of the IBM IOD conference began like the first, with a general session attended by most of the folks at the event. The theme of today's general session was Big Data and Analytics in Action. And Jake Porway was back to host the festivities.

The general session kicked off talking about democratizing analytics, which requires putting the right tools in people's hands when and where they want to use them. And also the necessity of analytics becoming a part of everything we do.

These points were driven home by David Becker of the Pew Charitable Trust when he took the stage with IBM's Jeff Jonas Chief Scientist and IBM Fellow. Becker spoke about the data challenges and troubles with maintaining accurate voting rolls. He talked about more than 12 million outdated records across 7 US states. Other issues mentioned by Becker included deceased people still legitimately registered to vote, people registered in multiple states, and the biggest issue, 51 million citizens not even registered.

Then Jonas told the story of how Becker invited him to attend some Pew meetings because he had heard about Jonas' data analytics expertise. After sitting through the first meeting Jonas immediately recognized the problem as being all about context. Jonas offered up a solution to match voter records with DMV records instead of relying on manual modifications.

The system built upon this idea is named ERIC, short for the Electronic Registration Information Center. And Pew has been wowed by the results. ERIC has helped to identify over 5 million eligible voters in seven states. The system was able to find voters who had moved, not yet registered and those who had passed away.

"Data finds data," Jonas said. If you've heard him speak in the past, you've probably heard him say that before, too! He also promoted the G2 engine that he built and mentioned that it is now part of IBM SPSS Modeler.

This particular portion of the general session was the highlight for me. But during this session IBMers also talked about Project NEO (the next generation of data discovery in the cloud), IBM Concert (delivering insight and cognitive collaboration), and what Watson has been up to.

I followed up the general session by attending a pitch on Big Data and System z delivered by Stephen O'Grady of Redmonk and IBM's Dan Wardman. Stepehen started off  the session and he made a couple of statements that were music to my ears. First, "Data doesn't always have to be big to lead to better decisions." Yes! I've been saying this for the past couple of years.

And he also made the observation that since data is more readily available, businesses should be able to move toward evidence-based decision-making. And that is a good thing. Because if instead we are making gut decisions or using our intuition, the decisions simply cannot be as good as those based on facts. And he backed it up with this fact: organizations  using analytics are 2.2x more likely to outperform their industry peers.

O'Grady also offered up some Big Data statistics that are worth taking a look at --> here. 

And then Wardman followed up with IBM's System z information management initiatives and how they tie into big data analytics. He led off by stating that IBM's customers are most interested in transactional data instead of social data for their Big Data projects. Which led to him to posit that analytics and decision engines need to exist where the transactional data exists -- and that is on the mainframe!

Even though the traditional model moves data for analytics processing, IBM is working on analytics on data without moving it. And that can speed up Big Data projects for mainframe users.

But my coverage of Tuesday at IOD would not be complete without mentioning the great concert sponsored by Rocket Software. Fun. performed and they rocked the joint. It is not often that you get to see such a new, young and popular band at an industry conference. So kudos to IBM and Rocket for keeping things fresh and delivering high quality entertainment. The band performed all three of their big hits ("Carry On", "We Are Young", and "Some Nights", as well as a bevy of other great songs including a nifty cover of the Stones "You Can't Always Get What You Want."

All in all, a great day of education, networking, and entertainment. But what will Wednesday hold? Well, for one thing, my presentation on Understanding The Rolling 4 Hour Average and Tuning DB2 to Control Costs.

So be sure to stop by the blog again tomorrow for coverage of IOD Day Three!

IBM Information on Demand 2013, Monday

Hello everybody, and welcome to my daily blogging from the IOD conference. Today (Monday, 11/4) was my first day at the conference and it started off with a high octane general session. Well, actually, that's not entirely accurate. It started off with a nice (somewhat less than healthy) breakfast and a lot of coffee. But right after that was the general session.

The session was emceed by Jake Porway, who bills himself as a Data Scientist. He is also a National Geographic host and the founder of DataKind. Porway extolled the virtues of using Big Data for the greater good. Porway says that data is personal and it touches our lives in multiple ways. He started off by talking about the "dark ages" which to Porway meant the early 2000s, before the days of Netflix, back when (horror of horrors) we all went to Blockbuster to rent movies... But today we can access almost all of our entertainment right over the Internet from the comfort of our sofa (except for those brave few who still trudge out to a red box).

From there Porway went on to discuss how data scientists working in small teams can make a world of difference by using their analytical skills to change the world for the better. Porway challenged the audience by asking us "Have you thought about how you might use data to change the world for the better?" And then he went on to describe how data can be instrumental in helping to solve world problems like improving the quality of drinking water, reducing poverty and improving education.

Indeed, Porway said that he views data scientists as "today's superheroes."

Porway the introduced Robert LeBlanc, IBM Sr. Vice President for Middleware Software. LeBlanc's primary message was about the four technologies that define the smarter enterprise: cloud, mobile, social and Big Data analytics.

LeBlanc stated that the amount of unstructured data has changed the way we think, work, and live. And he summed it up rather succinctly by remarking that we used to be valuable for what we know, but now we are more valuable for what we share.

Some of IBM's customers, including representatives from Nationwide and Centerpoint Energy took the stage to explain how they had transformed their business using IBM Big Data and analytics solutions.

I think the quote that summed up the general session for me was that only 1 in 5 organizations spend more than 50 percent of their IT budget on new projects. With analytics, perhaps that can change!

The next couple of sessions I attended covered the new features of DB2 11 for z/OS, which most of you know was released by IBM for GA on October 25, 2013. I've written about DB2 11 on this blog before, so I won't really go over a lot of those sessions here. Suffice it to say, IBM has delivered some great new features and functionality in this next new release of DB2, and they are already starting to plan for the next one!

I ended the day at the System z Rocks the Mainframe event hosted by IBM at the House of Blues. A good time was had by one and all there as the band rocked the house, some brave attendees jumped up on stage to sing with the band, and the open bar kept everyone happy and well lubricated... until we have to get up early tomorrow for Day Two of IOD...

See you tomorrow!


P.S. And for those interested, Adam Gartenberg has documented the IBM announcements from day one of IOD on his blog here.

Information on Demand 2013

Just a short blog today to promote the upcoming IBM Information on Demand conference. This is one of the biggest data-focused conferences of the year - certainly the biggest for users of IBM data management technology. Last year, over 10,000 folks attended the show and expect for that number to grow this year.

The theme of the event is "Big Data. Unique perspectives." so you can expect some timely information from IBM on their Big Data and analytics offerings. And as those of you who are mainframe DB2 users know, IBM launched a new version of DB2 for z/OS - Version 11 - just last week. So there should be a lot of good new information about the latest and greatest version of DB2.

The event is composed of four forums focusing on 1) business analytics, 2) information management, 3) enterprise content management, and 4) business leadership.

I'm looking forward to attending the conference - as well as delivering a presentation on Wednesday, November 6th titled Understanding the rolling four hour average to control DB2 costs.

If you're not planning on being there, you should reconsider! And if you are planning on being there, hunt me down and say "Hi!"

Here is the web page for more information on the Information on Demand 2013 conference.

Say "Hello" to DB2 11 for z/OS

DB2 11 for z/OS Generally Available Today, October 25, 2013

As was announced earlier this month (see press release) Version 11 of DB2 for z/OS is officially available as of today. Even if your company won’t be migrating right away, the sooner you start learning about DB2 11, the better equipped you will be to embrace it when you inevitably must use and support it at your company.

So let’s take a quick look at some of the highlights of this latest and greatest version of our favorite DBMS. As usual, a new version of DB2 delivers a large number of new features, functions, and enhancements, so of course, not every new DB2 11 “thing” will be addressed in today’s blog entry.

Performance Claims

Similar to most recent DB2 versions, IBM boasts of performance improvements that can be achieved by migrating to DB2 11. The claims for DB2 11 from IBM are out-of-the-box savings ranging from 10 percent to 40 percent for different types of query workloads: up to 10 percent for complex OLTP and update intensive batch – up to 40 percent for queries.

As usual, your actual mileage may vary. It all depends upon things like the query itself, number of columns requests, number of partitions that must be accessed, indexing, and on and on. So even though it looks like performance gets better in DB2 11, take these estimates with a grain of salt.

The standard operating procedure of rebinding to achieve the best results still applies. And, of course, if you use the new features of DB2 11 IBM claims that you can achieve additional performance improvements.

DB2 11 also offers improved synergy with the latest mainframe hardware, the zEC12. For example, FLASH Express and pageable 1MB frames are used for buffer pool control blocks and DB2 executable code. So keep in mind that getting to the latest hardware can help out your DB2 performance and operation!

Programmer Features

Let’s move along and take a look at some of the great new features for building applications offered up by DB2 11. There are a slew of new SQL and analytical capabilities in the new release, including: 

• Global variables – which can be used to pass data from program to program without the need to put data into a DB2 table
• Improved SQLPL functionality, including an array data type which makes SQLPL more computationally complete and simplifies coding SQL stored procedures.
• Alias support for sequence objects.
• Improvements to Declared Global Temporary Tables (DGTTs) including the ability to create NOT LOGGED DBTTs and the ability to use RELEASE DEALLOCATE for SQL statements written against DGTTs.
• SQL Compatibility feature which can be used to minimize the impact of new version changes on existing applications.Support for views on temporal data. 
• SQL Grouping Sets, including Rollup, Cube
• XML enhancements including XQuery support, XMLMODIFY for improved updating of XML nodes, and improved validation of XML documents.

The BIND and REBIND enhancements made in DB2 11 are important to note here, too. Since BIND and REBIND spans application programming and database administration, I’ll talk about here at the end of the Programming Features section and right before we move on to talk about DBA features.

The first new capability is the addition of the APREUSE(WARN) parameter. Before we learn about the new feature, let’s backtrack for a moment to talk about the current (DB2 10) capabilities of the APREUSE parameter. There are currently two options:

• APREUSE(NONE): DB2 will not try to reuse previous access paths for statements in the package. (default value)
• APREUSE(ERROR): DB2 tries to reuse previous access paths for SQL statements in the package. If the access paths cannot be reused, the operation fails and no new package is created.

So you can either not try to reuse or try to reuse, and if you can’t reuse when you try to, you fail. Obviously, a third, more palatable choice was needed. And DB2 11 adds this third option.

• APREUSE(WARN): DB2 tries to reuse previous access paths for SQL statements in the package, but the bind or rebind is not prevented when they cannot be reused. Instead, DB2 generates a new access path for that SQL statement.

So you can think of APREUSE(ERROR) as functioning on a package boundary, whereas APREUSE(WARN) functions on a statement boundary.

DBA and Other Technical Features

There are also a slew of new in-depth technical and DBA-related features in DB2 11. Probably the most important, and one that impacts developers too, is transparent archiving using DB2’s temporal capabilities first introduced in DB2 10.

Basically, if you know how to set up SYSTEM time temporal tables, setting up transparent archiving will be a breeze. You create both the table and the archive table and then associate the two. This is done by means of the ENABLE ARCHIVE USE clause. DB2 is aware of the connection between the operational table and the archive table, so any data that is deleted will be moved to the archive table.

Unlike SYSTEM time, only deleted data is moved to the archive table. There is a new system defined global variable MOVE_TO_ARCHIVE to control the ability to DELETE data without archiving it, should you need to do so.

Of course, there are more details to learn about this capability, but remember, we are just touching on the highlights today!

Another notable feature that will interest many DBAs is the ability to use SQL to query more DB2 Directory tables. The list of DB2 Directory tables which now can be accessed via SQL includes:

• SYSIBM.DBDR
• SYSIBM.SCTR
• SYSIBM.SPTR
• SYSIBM.SYSLGRNX
• SYSIBM.SYSUTIL

Another regular area of improvement for new DB2 version is enhanced IBM DB2 Utilities, and DB2 11 is no exception to the rule. DB2 11 brings the following improvements:

• REORG – automated mapping tables (where DB2 takes care of the allocation and removal of the mapping table during a SHRLEVEL CHANGE reorganization), online support for REORG REBALANCE, automatic cleanup of empty partitions for PBG table spaces, LISTPARTS for controlling parallelism, and improved switch phase processing.
• RUNSTATS – additional zIIP processing, RESET ACCESSPATH capability to reset existing statistics, and improved inline statistics gathering in other utilities.
• LOAD – additional zIIP processing, multiple partitions can be loaded in parallel using a single SYSREC and support for extended RBA LRSN.
• REPAIR – new REPAIR CATALOG capability to find and correct for discrepancies between the DB2 Catalog and database objects.
• DSNACCOX – performance improvements

Additionally, there is a new command to externalize Real Time Statistics. You can use ACCESS DATABASE … MODE(STATS) instead of stopping and starting a database object or forcing a system checkpoint to externalize RTS.

DB2 11 also delivers a bevy of new security-related enhancements, including:

• Better coordination between DB2 and RACF, including new installation parameters (AUTHEXIT_CHECK and AUTHECIT_CACHEREFRESH) and the ability for DB2 to capture event notifications from RACF
• New PROGAUTH bind plan option to ensure the program is authorized to use the plan.
• The ability to create MASKs and PERMISSIONs on archive tables and archive-enabled tables
• Column masking restrictions are removed for GROUP BY and DISTINCT processing

Online schema changes are still being introduced to new version of DB2 amd DB2 11 offers up some nice functionality in this realm. Perhaps the most interesting new capability is DROP COLUMN. Dropping a column from an existing table has always been a difficult task requiring dropping and recreating the table (and all related objects and security), so most DBAs just left unused and unneeded columns in the table. This can cause confusion and data integrity issues if the columns are used by programs and end users. Now, DROP COLUMN can be used (as long as the table is in a UTS). Of course, there are some other restrictions on its use, but this capability may help many DBAs clean up unused columns in DB2 tables.

An additional online schema change capability in DB2 11 is support for online altering of limit keys, which enables DBAs to change the limit keys for a partitioned table space without impacting data availability.

Finally, in terms of online schema change, we have an improvement to operational administration for deferred schema changes. DB2 11 provides improved recovery for deferred schema changes. With DB2 10, when the REORG begins to materialize pending change it is no longer possible to perform a recovery to a prior point in time. DB2 11 removes this restriction, allowing recovery to any valid prior point.

In terms of Buffer Pool enhancements, DB2 11 offers up the new 2GB frame size for very large BP requirements.

In terms of Data Sharing enhancements, DB2 11 offers faster CASTOUT, improved RESTART LIGHT capability, and automatic recovery of all pages in LPL during a DB2 restart.

Analytics and Big Data Features

There are also a lot of features added to DB2 11 to support Big Data and analytical processing. Probably the biggest is the ability to support Hadoop access. If you don’t know what Hadoop is, this is not the place to learn about that. Instead, check out this link.

Anyway, DB2 11 can be used to enable applications to easily and efficiently access Hadoop data sources. This is done via the generic table UDF capability in DB2 11. Using this feature you can create a variable shape of UDF output table.

This capability allows access to BigInsights, which is IBM’s Hadoop-based platform for Big Data. As such, you can use JSON to access Hadoop data via DB2 using the UDF supplied by IBM BigInsights.

DB2 11 also adds new SQL analytical extensions, including:

• GROUPING SETS can be used for GROUP BY operations to enable multiple grouping clauses to be specified in a single statement.
• ROLLUP can be used to aggregate values along a dimension hierarchy. In addition to aggregation along the dimensions a grand total is produced. Multiple ROLLUPs can be coded in a single query to produce multidimensional hierarchies in a result set.
• CUBE can be used to aggregate data based on columns from multiple dimensions. You can think of it like a cross tabulation.

And finally, new version (V3) of IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) is part of the mix, too. IDAA V3 brings about improvements such as:

• The ability to store 1.3 PB of data
• Change Data Capture support to capture changes to DB2 data and propagate them to IDAA as they happen
• Additional SQL function support for IDAA queries (including SUBSTRING, among others, and additional OLAP functions).
• Work Load Manager integration

Other "Stuff"

Of course, there are additional features and functionality being introduced with DB2 11 for z/OS. A blog entry of this nature on the day of GA cannot exhaustively cover everything. That being said, two additional areas are worth noting.

• Extended log record addressing – increases the size of the RBA and LRSN from 6 bytes to 10 bytes. This avoids the outage that is required if the amount of log records accumulated exhausts the capability of DB2 to create new RBAs or LRSNs. To move to the new extended log record addressing requires converting your BSDSs.
• DRDA enhancements – including improved client info properties, new FORCE option to cancel distributed threads, and multiple performance related improvements.

Summary

DB2 11 for z/OS brings with it a bevy of interesting and useful new features. They range the gamut from development to administration to performance to integration with Big Data. Now that DB2 11 is out in the field and available for organizations to start using it, the time has come for all DB2 users to take some time to learn what DB2 11 can do. 

Using the DISPLAY Command, Part 5

Today’s entry in our series on the DB2 DISPLAY command is the fifth – and final – edition of the series.  We’ll wrap up coverage by briefly discussing the remaining features of DISPLAY. And, just as a reminder:

• Part 1 of this series focused on using DISPLAY to monitor details about you database objects; 
• Part 2 focused on using DISPLAY to monitor your DB2 buffer pools;
• Part 3 covered utility execution and log information;
• And Part 4 examined using the DISPLAY command to monitor DB2 stored procedures and user-defined functions.

Additional Information that DISPLAY Can Uncover

Distributed Information

The DISPLAY command can be quite useful in distributed DB2 environments. You can use DISPLAY DDF to show DDF configuration and status information, as well as statistical details on distributed connections and threads.  An example of the output from issuing DISPLAY DDF:

DSNL081I STATUS=STOPDQ

DSNL082I LOCATION LUNAME GENERICLU

DSNL083I STLEC1 -NONE.SYEC1DB2 -NONE

DSNL084I TCPPORT=446 SECPORT=0 RESPORT=5001 IPNAME=-NONE

DSNL085I IPADDR=NONE

DSNL086I SQL DOMAIN=-NONE

DSNL090I DT=A CONDBAT= 64 MDBAT= 64

DSNL092I ADBAT= 0 QUEDBAT= 0 INADBAT= 0 CONQUED= 0

DSNL093I DSCDBAT= 0 INACONN= 0

DSNL105I DSNLTDDF CURRENT DDF OPTIONS ARE:

DSNL106I PKGREL = COMMIT

DSNL099I DSNLTDDF DISPLAY DDF REPORT COMPLETE

Additionally, DISPLAY LOCATION can be used to show information about distributed threads.

Data Sharing Information

For data sharing, the DISPLAY GROUP command can be used to display information about the data sharing group (including the version of DB2 for each member); and DISPLAY GROUPBUFFERPOOL can be used to show information about the status of DB2 group buffer pools.

Profile Information

If you have started using PROFILEs in DB2 10 (or later), the DISPLAY PROFILE command allows you to determine if profiling is active or inactive. The status codes that can be returned by this command are as follows:

•         ON Profiling is active.
•         OFF Profiling is inactive.
•         SUSPENDED Profiling was active, but is now suspended due to error conditions.
•         STARTING Profiling is being started, but has not completed.
•         STOPPING Profiling has been stopped, but has not completed.

Resource Limit Information

If you use the Resource Limit Facility, the DISPLAY RLIMIT command can be used to show the status of the RLF, including the ID of the active RLST (Resource Limit Specification Table).

Thread Information

To display information about a DB2 thread connection or all connections, use the DISPLAY THREAD command. A DB2 thread can be an allied thread, a database access thread, or a parallel task thread. Threads can be active, inactive, indoubt, or postponed.

There are a number of options for displaying thread information, and you can narrow or expand the type and amount of information you wish to retrieve based on:

•          Active threads, inactive threads, indoubt threads, postponed threads, procedure threads, system threads, or the set of active, indoubt, postponed, and system threads (see the descriptions under the TYPE option for more information)
•          Allied threads, including those threads that are associated with the address spaces whose connection names are specified
•          Distributed threads, including those threads that are associated with a specific remote location
•          Detailed information about connections with remote locations
•          A specific logical unit of work ID (LUWID)

Tracing Information

And finally, the DISPLAY TRACE command can be used to list your active trace types and classes along with the specified destinations for each. 

Summary

The DB2 DISPLAY command is indeed a powerful, yet simple tool that can be used to gather a wide variety of details about your DB2 subsystems and databases. Every DBA should know how to use DISPLAY and its many options to simplify their day-to-day duties and job tasks.

Using the DISPLAY Command, Part 4

In this fourth entry of our series on the DISPLAY command, we take a look at using the DISPLAY command to monitor DB2 stored procedures and user-defined functions. Part 1 of this series focused on using DISPLAY to monitor details about you database objects; Part 2 focused on using DISPLAY to monitor your DB2 buffer pools. And Part 3 covered utility execution and log information. 

If your organization uses stored procedures and/or user-defined functions (UDFs), the DISPLAY command once again comes in handy. 

Stored Procedures

You can use the DISPLAY PROCEDURE command to monitor stored procedure statistics. The output will consist of one line for each stored procedure that a DB2 application has accessed. You can qualify stored procedure names with a schema name.

DISPLAY PROCEDURE returns the following information:

• The status, that is, whether the named procedure is currently started or stopped
• How many requests are currently executing
• The high-water mark for concurrently running requests
• How many requests are currently queued
• How many times a request has timed out
• How many times a request has failed
• The WLM environment in which the stored procedure executes

Here is an example of what will be output by the DISPLAY PROCEDURE command:

DSNX940I = DSNX9DIS DISPLAY PROCEDURE REPORT FOLLOWS
PROCEDURE  STATUS   ACTIVE  QUED  MAXQ  TIMEOUT  FAIL WLM_ENV
CUSTPROC   STARTED    0       0     1      0       0  WLMDB21
SAMPPRC1   STOPQUE    0       5     5      3       0  WLMSAMP
SAMPPRC2   STARTED    2       0     6      0       0  WLMSAMP
GETDATA1   STOPREJ    0       0     1      0       0  WLMDB21
DSNX9DIS DISPLAY PROCEDURE REPORT COMPLETE

DSN9022I = DSNX9COM '-DISPLAY PROC' NORMAL COMPLETION

Keep in mind that the information returned by  DISPLAY PROCEDURE is dynamic. By the time the information is displayed, it is possible that the status could have changed.

User-Defined Functions (UDFs)

For UDFs, you can use the DISPLAY FUNCTION SPECIFIC command to monitor UDF statistics. This command displays one output line for each function that a DB2 application has accessed.  Similar to what is shown for stored procedures, the DISPLAY FUNCTION SPECIFIC command will show:

• Whether the named function is currently started or stopped, and why
• How many requests are currently executing
• The high-water mark for concurrently running requests
• How many requests are currently queued
• How many times a request has timed out
• The WLM environment in which the function executes

When displaying information about stored procedures and UDFs using the DISPLAY PROCEDURE and DISPLAY FUNCTION SPECIFIC commands, a status is returned indicating the state of the procedure or UDF. A procedure or UDF can be in one of four potential states:

STARTED	Requests for the function can be processed
STOPQUE	Requests are queued
STOPREJ	Requests are rejected
STOPABN	Requests are rejected because of abnormal termination

Summary

When using stored procedures and/or user-defined functions, be sure to use the DISPLAY command to keep track of their status.

Using the DISPLAY Command, Part 3

In this third entry of our  series on the DISPLAY command, we take a look at using the DISPLAY command to monitor DB2 utility execution and log information. Part 1 of this series focused on using DISPLAY to monitor details about you database objects; Part 2 focused on using DISPLAY to monitor your DB2 buffer pools.

Utility Information

So without further ado, let's see how DISPLAY can help us manage the execution of IBM DB2 utilities. Issuing a DISPLAY UTILITY command will cause DB2 to display the status of all active, stopped, or terminating utilities. So, if you are working over the weekend running REORGs, issuing an occasional DISPLAY UTILITY allows you to keep up-to-date on the status of the job. Of course, you can issue DISPLAY UTILITY any time you wish, not just over the weekend... 

By monitoring the current phase of the utility and matching this information with the utility phase information, you can determine the relative progress of the utility as it processes.

Of course, this works only on IBM's utilities. If you are using another vendor's DB2 utilities (e.g. BMC, CA, CDB) you will need to work with the parameters and monitoring capabilities provided by your particular vendor of choice.

For the IBM COPY, REORG, and RUNSTATS utilities, the DISPLAY UTILITY command also can be used to monitor the progress of particular phases. The COUNT specified for each phase lists the number of pages that have been loaded, unloaded, copied, or read.

You also can check the progress of the CHECK, LOAD, RECOVER, and MERGE utilities using DISPLAY UTILITY. The number of rows, index entries, or pages, that have been processed are displayed by this command.

Log Information

You can also use the DISPLAY LOG command to display information about the number of logs, their current capacity, and the setting of the LOGLOAD parameter. This information pertains to the active logs. DISPLAY ARCHIVE will show information about your archive logs.

Of course, to be able to issue either of these commands requires either specific DISPLAY system authority or one of system DBADM, SYSOPR, SYSCTRL, or SYSADM authorities.

Using the DISPLAY Command, Part 2

In the first part of this series on the DISPLAY command, we focused on using DISPLAY to monitor details about you database objects. In today's second installment of this series, we will look into using DISPLAY to monitor your DB2 buffer pools.

The DISPLAY BUFFERPOOL command can be issued to display the current status and allocation information for each buffer pool. For example:

DSNB401I  =DB2Q BUFFERPOOL NAME BP0, BUFFERPOOL ID 0, USE COUNT 202

DSNB402I  =DB2Q BUFFER POOL SIZE = 4000 BUFFERS  AUTOSIZE = NO     

             ALLOCATED       =     4000   TO BE DELETED  =        0

             IN-USE/UPDATED  =        0   BUFFERS ACTIVE =     4000

DSNB406I  =DB2Q PGFIX ATTRIBUTE -                                  

             CURRENT = NO                                          

             PENDING = NO                                          

           PAGE STEALING METHOD = LRU                              

DSNB404I  =DB2Q THRESHOLDS -                                       

            VP SEQUENTIAL    = 50                                  

            DEFERRED WRITE   = 15   VERTICAL DEFERRED WRT  = 5,  0

            PARALLEL SEQUENTIAL =0   ASSISTING PARALLEL SEQT = 0   

DSNB409I  =DB2Q INCREMENTAL STATISTICS SINCE 11:20:17 DEC 31, 2011 

DSNB411I  =DB2Q RANDOM GETPAGE = 6116897 SYNC READ I/O (R) = 37632 

           SEQ.   GETPAGE      = 799445  SYNC READ I/O (S) = 10602

           DMTH HIT            = 0       PAGE-INS REQUIRED = 0

DSNB412I  =DB2Q SEQUENTIAL PREFETCH -                              

             REQUESTS        =    11926   PREFETCH I/O    =   11861

             PAGES READ      =   753753                            

DSNB413I  =DB2Q LIST PREFETCH -                                    

             REQUESTS        =        0   PREFETCH I/O    =       0

             PAGES READ      =        0                            

We can see by reviewing these results that BP0 has been assigned 4,000 pages, all of which have been allocated. We also know that the buffers are not page fixed. The output also shows us the current settings for each of the sequential steal and deferred write thresholds.

For additional information on buffer pools you can specify the DETAIL parameter. Using DETAIL(INTERVAL) produces buffer pool usage information since the last execution of DISPLAY BUFFERPOOL. 

To report on buffer pool usage since the pool was activated, specify DETAIL(*). In each case, DB2 will return detailed information on buffer-pool usage such as the number of GETPAGEs, prefetch usage, and synchronous reads. The detailed data returned after executing this command can be used for rudimentary buffer pool tuning. We can see such detail in the example above.

For example, you can monitor the read efficiency of each buffer pool using the following formula:

  (Total GETPAGEs) / [ (SEQUENTIAL PREFETCH) +
                       (DYNAMIC PREFETCH) +
                       (SYNCHRONOUS READ)
                     ]

A higher read efficiency value is better than a lower one because it indicates that pages, once read into the buffer pool, are used more frequently. Additionally, if buffer pool I/O is consistently high, you might consider adding pages to the buffer pool to handle more data.


Finally, you can gather even more information about your buffer pools using the LIST and LSTATS parameters. The LIST parameter lists the open table spaces and indexes within the specified buffer pools; the LSTATS parameter lists statistics for the table spaces and indexes reported by LIST. Statistical information is reset each time DISPLAY with LSTATS is issued, so the statistics are as of the last time LSTATS was issued.

Using the DISPLAY Command, Part 1

Often times some of the simplest commands and features of DB2 can be used to great effect -- if you just remember that they are there and learn how to use them. The DISPLAY Command is one of those features.

Although a DB2 performance monitor is probably the best solution for gathering information about your DB2 subsystems and databases, you can gain significant insight into “what is going on out there” using the simple DISPLAY command.

In today's blog post, and a series of subsequent posts, we will learn about the DISPLAY command and how it can be used to monitor various aspects of DB2.

There are eight variations of the DISPLAY command that you can utilize, depending on the type of information you are looking for. The DISPLAY command can be used to return information about the status of DB2 data sharing groups, databases and table spaces, threads, stored procedures, user-defined functions, utilities, and traces; it can also monitor the Resource Limit Facility (RLF) and distributed data locations.

Let’s start with coverage of what is probably the most often-used variation of the DISPLAY command, looking into database information.

By running the DISPLAY DATABASE command, you can gather information on DB2 databases and table spaces. The output of the basic command will show the status of the objects specified along with any exception states that apply. For example:

-DISPLAY DATABASE(DBNAME)

Issuing this command will display details on the DBNAME database including information about the tablespaces and indexes in that database. So, with a simple command you can easily find all of the tablespaces and indexes within any database —  pretty powerful stuff. But the status information for each space is useful, too. When a status other than RO or RW is encountered, the object is in an indeterminate state or is being processed by a DB2 utility. The possible statuses that DB2 can assign to a page set are detailed here:

ARBDP	Index is in Advisory Rebuild Pending status; the index should be rebuilt to improve performance and allow the index to be used for index-only access again.
AREO*	The table space, index, or partition is in Advisory Reorg Pending status; the object should be reorganized to improve performance. This status is new as of DB2 V8.
ACHKP	The Auxiliary Check Pending status has been set for the base table space. An error exists in the LOB column of the base table space.
AREST	The table space, index space, or partition is in Advisory Restart Pending status. If back-out activity against the object is not already underway, either issue the RECOVER POSTPONED command or recycle the specifying LBACKOUT=AUTO.
AUXW	Either the base table space or the LOB table space is in the Auxiliary Warning status. This warning status indicates an error in the LOB column of the base table space or an invalid LOB in the LOB table space.
CHKP	The Check Pending status has been set for this table space or partition.
COPY	The Copy Pending flag has been set for this table space or partition.
DEFER	Deferred restart is required for the object.
GRECP	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition is in the group buffer pool Recover Pending state.
ICOPY	The index is in Informational Copy Pending status.
INDBT	In-doubt processing is required for the object.
LPL	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has logical page errors.
LSTOP	The logical partition of a non-partitioning index is stopped.
PSRBD	The entire non-partitioning index space is in Page Set Rebuild Pending status.
OPENF	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition had an open data set failure.
PSRCP	Indicates Page Set Recover Pending state for an index (non-partitioning indexes).
PSRBD	The non-partitioning index space is in a Page Set Rebuild Pending status.
RBDP	The physical or logical index partition is in the Rebuild Pending status.
RBDP*	The logical partition of a non-partitioning index is in the Rebuild Pending status, and the entire index is inaccessible to SQL applications. However, only the logical partition needs to be rebuilt.
RECP	The Recover Pending flag has been set for this table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition.
REFP	The table space, index space, or index is in Refresh Pending status.
RELDP	The object has a release dependency.
REORP	The data partition is in a REORG Pending state.
REST	Restart processing has been initiated for the table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition.
RESTP	The table space or index is in the Restart Pending status.
RO	The table space, tables pace partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been started for read-only processing.
RW	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been started for read and write processing.
STOP	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been stopped.
STOPE	The table space or index is stopped because of an invalid log RBA or LRSN in one of its pages.
STOPP	A stop is pending for the table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition.
UT	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been started for the execution of utilities only.
UTRO	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been started for RW processing, but only RO processing is enabled because a utility is in progress for that object.
UTRW	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been started for RW processing, and a utility is in progress for that object.
UTUT	The table space, table space partition, index, index partition, or logical index partition has been started for RW processing, but only UT processing is enabled because a utility is in progress for that object.
WEPR	Write error page range information.

Of course, there are many additional options that can be used in conjunction with the DISPLAY DATABASE command. The following options can be used to narrow down the amount of information displayed:

• USE displays what processes are using resources for the page sets in the database 
• CLAIMERS displays the claims on the page sets in the database
• LOCKS displays the locks held on the page sets in the database
• LPL displays the logical page list entries
• WEPR displays the write error page range information.

Additionally, for partitioned page sets, you can specify which partition, or range of partitions, that you wish to display.

The OVERVIEW option can be specified to display each object in the database on its own line. This condenses the output of the command and makes it easier to view. The OVERVIEW keyword cannot be specified with any other keywords except SPACENAM, LIMIT, and AFTER.

Another tactic that can be used to control the amount of output generated by DISPLAY DATABASE is to use the LIMIT parameter. The default number of lines returned by the DISPLAY command is 50, but the LIMIT parameter can be used to set the maximum number of lines returned to any numeric value. For example:

-DISPLAY DATABASE(DBNAME) LIMIT(300)

Using the LIMIT parameter in this manner would increase the limit to 200 lines of output. To indicate no limit, you can replace the numeric limit with an asterisk (*).

Finally, you can choose to display only objects in restricted or advisory status using either the ADVISORY or RESTRICT key word.



And be sure to tune in for the next blog post which will look into using DISPLAY to uncover information about your DB2 buffer pools.

Answering a Question: Dealing with Different Data Types

I get a lot of e-mail. Some of it is junk, but some of it contains questions on all sorts of issues. I cannot answer everything that comes into my in box or I wouldn't have time to earn a living. But every now and then I will answer a question here on the blog.

Today's question is:

Dear Mr. Mullins, 

I have a question I hope you can help me with.  In DB2 I am attempting to compare two columns, however one column is data type "Integer" and the other is data type "Decimal".  Can you give me an idea on how to convert the data types so they can be compared?

And here is my answer:

You can cast one data type to the other. For example, to cast the decimal to an integer you would use the INTEGER function, like so:

           WHERE INTEGER(dec_col) = int_col

Or you could cast the integer column to a decimal like this:

           WHERE DECIMAL(int_col) = dec_col

Alternately, you can use CAST to cast either column to either data type. For example, CAST(dec_col AS INTEGER)…  Hope this helps…