Say "Hello" to DB2 11 for z/OS

DB2 11 for z/OS Generally Available Today, October 25, 2013

As was announced earlier this month (see press release) Version 11 of DB2 for z/OS is officially available as of today. Even if your company won’t be migrating right away, the sooner you start learning about DB2 11, the better equipped you will be to embrace it when you inevitably must use and support it at your company.

So let’s take a quick look at some of the highlights of this latest and greatest version of our favorite DBMS. As usual, a new version of DB2 delivers a large number of new features, functions, and enhancements, so of course, not every new DB2 11 “thing” will be addressed in today’s blog entry.

Performance Claims

Similar to most recent DB2 versions, IBM boasts of performance improvements that can be achieved by migrating to DB2 11. The claims for DB2 11 from IBM are out-of-the-box savings ranging from 10 percent to 40 percent for different types of query workloads: up to 10 percent for complex OLTP and update intensive batch – up to 40 percent for queries.

As usual, your actual mileage may vary. It all depends upon things like the query itself, number of columns requests, number of partitions that must be accessed, indexing, and on and on. So even though it looks like performance gets better in DB2 11, take these estimates with a grain of salt.

The standard operating procedure of rebinding to achieve the best results still applies. And, of course, if you use the new features of DB2 11 IBM claims that you can achieve additional performance improvements.

DB2 11 also offers improved synergy with the latest mainframe hardware, the zEC12. For example, FLASH Express and pageable 1MB frames are used for buffer pool control blocks and DB2 executable code. So keep in mind that getting to the latest hardware can help out your DB2 performance and operation!

Programmer Features

Let’s move along and take a look at some of the great new features for building applications offered up by DB2 11. There are a slew of new SQL and analytical capabilities in the new release, including: 

• Global variables – which can be used to pass data from program to program without the need to put data into a DB2 table
• Improved SQLPL functionality, including an array data type which makes SQLPL more computationally complete and simplifies coding SQL stored procedures.
• Alias support for sequence objects.
• Improvements to Declared Global Temporary Tables (DGTTs) including the ability to create NOT LOGGED DBTTs and the ability to use RELEASE DEALLOCATE for SQL statements written against DGTTs.
• SQL Compatibility feature which can be used to minimize the impact of new version changes on existing applications.Support for views on temporal data. 
• SQL Grouping Sets, including Rollup, Cube
• XML enhancements including XQuery support, XMLMODIFY for improved updating of XML nodes, and improved validation of XML documents.

The BIND and REBIND enhancements made in DB2 11 are important to note here, too. Since BIND and REBIND spans application programming and database administration, I’ll talk about here at the end of the Programming Features section and right before we move on to talk about DBA features.

The first new capability is the addition of the APREUSE(WARN) parameter. Before we learn about the new feature, let’s backtrack for a moment to talk about the current (DB2 10) capabilities of the APREUSE parameter. There are currently two options:

• APREUSE(NONE): DB2 will not try to reuse previous access paths for statements in the package. (default value)
• APREUSE(ERROR): DB2 tries to reuse previous access paths for SQL statements in the package. If the access paths cannot be reused, the operation fails and no new package is created.

So you can either not try to reuse or try to reuse, and if you can’t reuse when you try to, you fail. Obviously, a third, more palatable choice was needed. And DB2 11 adds this third option.

• APREUSE(WARN): DB2 tries to reuse previous access paths for SQL statements in the package, but the bind or rebind is not prevented when they cannot be reused. Instead, DB2 generates a new access path for that SQL statement.

So you can think of APREUSE(ERROR) as functioning on a package boundary, whereas APREUSE(WARN) functions on a statement boundary.

DBA and Other Technical Features

There are also a slew of new in-depth technical and DBA-related features in DB2 11. Probably the most important, and one that impacts developers too, is transparent archiving using DB2’s temporal capabilities first introduced in DB2 10.

Basically, if you know how to set up SYSTEM time temporal tables, setting up transparent archiving will be a breeze. You create both the table and the archive table and then associate the two. This is done by means of the ENABLE ARCHIVE USE clause. DB2 is aware of the connection between the operational table and the archive table, so any data that is deleted will be moved to the archive table.

Unlike SYSTEM time, only deleted data is moved to the archive table. There is a new system defined global variable MOVE_TO_ARCHIVE to control the ability to DELETE data without archiving it, should you need to do so.

Of course, there are more details to learn about this capability, but remember, we are just touching on the highlights today!

Another notable feature that will interest many DBAs is the ability to use SQL to query more DB2 Directory tables. The list of DB2 Directory tables which now can be accessed via SQL includes:

• SYSIBM.DBDR
• SYSIBM.SCTR
• SYSIBM.SPTR
• SYSIBM.SYSLGRNX
• SYSIBM.SYSUTIL

Another regular area of improvement for new DB2 version is enhanced IBM DB2 Utilities, and DB2 11 is no exception to the rule. DB2 11 brings the following improvements:

• REORG – automated mapping tables (where DB2 takes care of the allocation and removal of the mapping table during a SHRLEVEL CHANGE reorganization), online support for REORG REBALANCE, automatic cleanup of empty partitions for PBG table spaces, LISTPARTS for controlling parallelism, and improved switch phase processing.
• RUNSTATS – additional zIIP processing, RESET ACCESSPATH capability to reset existing statistics, and improved inline statistics gathering in other utilities.
• LOAD – additional zIIP processing, multiple partitions can be loaded in parallel using a single SYSREC and support for extended RBA LRSN.
• REPAIR – new REPAIR CATALOG capability to find and correct for discrepancies between the DB2 Catalog and database objects.
• DSNACCOX – performance improvements

Additionally, there is a new command to externalize Real Time Statistics. You can use ACCESS DATABASE … MODE(STATS) instead of stopping and starting a database object or forcing a system checkpoint to externalize RTS.

DB2 11 also delivers a bevy of new security-related enhancements, including:

• Better coordination between DB2 and RACF, including new installation parameters (AUTHEXIT_CHECK and AUTHECIT_CACHEREFRESH) and the ability for DB2 to capture event notifications from RACF
• New PROGAUTH bind plan option to ensure the program is authorized to use the plan.
• The ability to create MASKs and PERMISSIONs on archive tables and archive-enabled tables
• Column masking restrictions are removed for GROUP BY and DISTINCT processing

Online schema changes are still being introduced to new version of DB2 amd DB2 11 offers up some nice functionality in this realm. Perhaps the most interesting new capability is DROP COLUMN. Dropping a column from an existing table has always been a difficult task requiring dropping and recreating the table (and all related objects and security), so most DBAs just left unused and unneeded columns in the table. This can cause confusion and data integrity issues if the columns are used by programs and end users. Now, DROP COLUMN can be used (as long as the table is in a UTS). Of course, there are some other restrictions on its use, but this capability may help many DBAs clean up unused columns in DB2 tables.

An additional online schema change capability in DB2 11 is support for online altering of limit keys, which enables DBAs to change the limit keys for a partitioned table space without impacting data availability.

Finally, in terms of online schema change, we have an improvement to operational administration for deferred schema changes. DB2 11 provides improved recovery for deferred schema changes. With DB2 10, when the REORG begins to materialize pending change it is no longer possible to perform a recovery to a prior point in time. DB2 11 removes this restriction, allowing recovery to any valid prior point.

In terms of Buffer Pool enhancements, DB2 11 offers up the new 2GB frame size for very large BP requirements.

In terms of Data Sharing enhancements, DB2 11 offers faster CASTOUT, improved RESTART LIGHT capability, and automatic recovery of all pages in LPL during a DB2 restart.

Analytics and Big Data Features

There are also a lot of features added to DB2 11 to support Big Data and analytical processing. Probably the biggest is the ability to support Hadoop access. If you don’t know what Hadoop is, this is not the place to learn about that. Instead, check out this link.

Anyway, DB2 11 can be used to enable applications to easily and efficiently access Hadoop data sources. This is done via the generic table UDF capability in DB2 11. Using this feature you can create a variable shape of UDF output table.

This capability allows access to BigInsights, which is IBM’s Hadoop-based platform for Big Data. As such, you can use JSON to access Hadoop data via DB2 using the UDF supplied by IBM BigInsights.

DB2 11 also adds new SQL analytical extensions, including:

• GROUPING SETS can be used for GROUP BY operations to enable multiple grouping clauses to be specified in a single statement.
• ROLLUP can be used to aggregate values along a dimension hierarchy. In addition to aggregation along the dimensions a grand total is produced. Multiple ROLLUPs can be coded in a single query to produce multidimensional hierarchies in a result set.
• CUBE can be used to aggregate data based on columns from multiple dimensions. You can think of it like a cross tabulation.

And finally, new version (V3) of IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) is part of the mix, too. IDAA V3 brings about improvements such as:

• The ability to store 1.3 PB of data
• Change Data Capture support to capture changes to DB2 data and propagate them to IDAA as they happen
• Additional SQL function support for IDAA queries (including SUBSTRING, among others, and additional OLAP functions).
• Work Load Manager integration

Other "Stuff"

Of course, there are additional features and functionality being introduced with DB2 11 for z/OS. A blog entry of this nature on the day of GA cannot exhaustively cover everything. That being said, two additional areas are worth noting.

• Extended log record addressing – increases the size of the RBA and LRSN from 6 bytes to 10 bytes. This avoids the outage that is required if the amount of log records accumulated exhausts the capability of DB2 to create new RBAs or LRSNs. To move to the new extended log record addressing requires converting your BSDSs.
• DRDA enhancements – including improved client info properties, new FORCE option to cancel distributed threads, and multiple performance related improvements.

Summary

DB2 11 for z/OS brings with it a bevy of interesting and useful new features. They range the gamut from development to administration to performance to integration with Big Data. Now that DB2 11 is out in the field and available for organizations to start using it, the time has come for all DB2 users to take some time to learn what DB2 11 can do.